1) Kotlin just shipped an experimental wasm compiler with 1.7.0 that is not actively marketed at this point but starting to work. They are depending on a few feature flags in chrome to turn on experimental garbage collection and a few other things. Jetbrains decided a while ago to build on and wait for the standardized wasm functionality for memory management and garbage collection instead of shipping their own version of that (like blazor does). My guess is that once this stabilizes, a lot of other languages will start targeting wasm more actively.

2) Actually, wasm is showing up in a lot of js/ts applications as an optimization. Mostly developers don't even notice their npms are pulling in some wasm. For example react does this apparently. What is native is a pretty fuzzy notion these days. A lot of mobile apps are hybrids that lean heavily on embedded browser components.

3) IO gets done by the browser via native libraries. The Javascript facade for this is pretty narrow (browser fetch API basically). If you are manipulating lot of data (e.g. graphics) in binary form, having some native code with actual types is helpful.

wasm is a low-level architecture - it gives you a linear heap to play with however you want. If you want immutable data structures and GC on top of that, you can certainly do that, in the same exact way we do it on other platforms.

The weird Java desktop GUIs were weird not because they weren't native code, but because the standard Java UI didn't use native UI APIs, nor did it even try to at least look native (as e.g. Qt does). But, just as there are native UI libraries for Java, there could be the same for wasm. It's just too early to tell, given how immature the whole wasm-outside-of-browser story is in general.

Thanks to WebGL, all plugins are back, that is how WASM helps.

Have a look at Grain for a ML like language with GC runtime.

Javascript already has WebGL? What is wasm adding

See this subthread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31810249

Two things:

- speed up in some cases - ability to compile the same app to native

A smaller, lower level target than JS. In a sense the better question is “what does it remove”.