How is correct defined? Per the language spec? The architecture of the system it's meant to execute on? It's a very unclear target to try and aim at, as a definition, and strikes me as a rather academic approach to how things should work.

An interesting thought experiment here is to consider that in this instance correct code relies upon two or more other instruction handlers behaving correctly: the JVM and (at least) the host CPU. Thus, even correct code can be vulnerable to problems (see: Speculative execution vulnerabilities). If the goal of programming is to write correct code, what % of errors on that correct code execution is permissible?

The whole argument strikes me as an appeal to a platonic ideal rather than reality.