Pretty much all the banks in my country (Sweden) use a local national digital ID system called BankID which is issued by the banks themselves to mobile devices as a second factor and gets tied to your national ID number (and once issued by your bank is used by your bank, other banks, the government for tax filing/address change/receiving official mail digitally instead of physically, signing contracts for e.g. apartments, and even retailers to address auto-fill).

All the banks I know of require 2FA in the form of either a physical, battery-powered RSA token (sometimes in the form of a EMV card reader) or a valid BankID.

The assumption is you live in the country and can just visit a branch if you have any trouble, which works for 99% of customers. But not for me.