Residential leasehold properties are often referred to as 'owned' in the UK [1] and Ireland [2] and can be bought with mortgages. However, the structure is quite controversial [3].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasehold_estate [2] https://mullinstreacy.ie/freehold-vs-leasehold/ [3] https://www.ft.com/content/b8068d5f-b4b9-4be6-a67e-1866fee68...

USA is one

"But these buildings have an even lesser-known sibling in the world of condominiums, known as leasehold condos. In this scenario, condo owners get an actual deed and therefore own their property, even though the building is technically under lease to a larger ownership entity, to which it pays rent."

https://www.brickunderground.com/buy/what-is-a-leasehold-con...

Germany. All land belongs to the state, save for some historical claims held by the Catholic church and (I think) former aristocracy.

Note that private property rights still exist on top of that but this is why the state can decide that e.g. an energy company's interest in your land is more beneficial to the people than yours. You'll still get reimbursed although legally speaking I'm not sure the state would have to do that in order to seize it. The difference is that they couldn't do this for land owned by the Catholic church for example.

As a caveat note that not all land used by the Catholic church in Germany is owned by the Catholic church, this really only applies to historical claims and contracts the state decided to uphold.

I can only assume you're somehow extrapolating this from Article 14 of the Basic Law for Germany, but the other half of your assumptions are at the same time contrary to it. Reimbursement is written directly into that law.[0]

About six years ago there was a publication summing up the current state of affairs[1]. I believe we can safely say your comment doesn't reflect it at all.

[0]: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_14.html

[1]: https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/414774/826f537e22a405...

> Germany. All land belongs to the state

Maybe that's a technicality (at first glance it feels like an almost outlandish claim), but in the spirit of enquiry I'll put it like this: can you share a source for that?

FWIW I skimmed [0] and failed to come up with anything that comes close...

[0] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundeigentum

The GP is referring to Germany's counterpart to the US' eminent domain, I think: if the state lays a claim on your land, you are bound to comply.

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteignung#Wiedervereinigtes_D... (third paragraph):

Since 2009 there have been 1647 procedures initiated in the Bundesrepublik for expropriation of landownership for road construction projects. As of August 2020, 448 of these procedures have been completed. Paragraph 19 of the Federal Funeral Street Act allows expropriations, "insofar as they are necessary for the execution of a determined or approved construction project" and are in accordance with Article 14 of the Basic Law for the benefit of the general public.

Of course, you can sue against that, and sometimes for decades (and thus prevent the project from getting ever finished, see the planned, and eventually forsaken A85 project that was meant to connect Stuttgart to Schwäbisch Hall roughly where today's B14 is [1]. They weren't able to seize two key farmer's fields and gave up - when the old farmer died in 2002, they build a nice bypass through there. Having lived in the area, a fast connection to the local capital would have made a lot of people's lives a lot better and saved millions of litres of fuel each year.

[1] http://www.autobahnatlas-online.de/A85.htm

What are you talking about? Former GDR or something?

United Kingdom is one.