Re your specific account: your votes are downweighted. We do that when an account has upvoted too many stories or comments that break the site guidelines—particularly the sensational-indignant type of post, which is by far the biggest problem on HN and therefore the thing we try to dampen and downweight in every way we know how. If you want to commit to upvoting fewer such comments and/or stories, we'd be happy to take that penalty off your account. Other than that your account isn't penalized.

Re transparency in general: that's a complex question. We take the following approach: we don't publish a log of every moderation decision; we do answer specific questions when people have them. I'm not saying that's a perfect solution (it isn't, and we have ideas for making it better), but this is a super hard problem to get right. It's popular to argue "everything should all be completely transparent all the time" but having been at this job for a decade now I'm extremely wary of the unintended consequences that would have. I'll try to dig up some old links about that in case you or anyone cares. Edit: ok, there's https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30141232 and a bunch more at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27307075. If anyone reads those and has a question on this that I haven't already answered, I'd be happy to know what it is.