Having a divine revelation that the dhimmis are plotting to murder you (and therefore should be forced pay you a 50% tax in perpetuity under threat of expulsion or death, of course) can hardly be considered a purely political, non-religious reason. Or a trope.

Read: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Qurayza

FYI: there exists many other Jewish tribes, this ones killed for the reasons stated in article.

Please read a bit before you talk, it is embarrassing!

> Is there a distinction between government and religion in Islam?

No more or less than there is in Christianity.

There are Muslims who distinguish the role of each, just as there are Christians who do.

> In the west, there is this distinction

Not largely from within institutional Christianity, where both theocracy (wherein government is viewed as subordinated to religious institutions, rather than the two being separate) and caesaropapism (wherein religious institutions are subordinated to government rather than the two being separate) have been common institutional power and legitimate government power is frequently portrayed as having a divine religious origin.