I wasn't trying to say the plastic is the cause of the taste difference. I emphasized the plastic in the US because thats been my observation. However if you check the expiration dates in the US, milk in plastic tends to expire much more quickly than the milk in paper cartons. So there is more going on than it simply being different containers.
Without further details, I'm guessing that "milk in paper cartons" has been UHT-treated, which means it could last even longer than the published expiry date.
It'll still go bad in a few days or weeks once it has been opened, depending on how it has been stored.
Google cone-shaped milk cartons. Interesting bit of historical trivia.
FWIW, I do have a preference, I think milk is best drunk straight from a paper carton (in single servings, milk from the plastic "milk chugs" has always tasted worse to me).
Over here (NL), most milk is only on shelves for a day, they cart in new batches daily. We err, go through a lot of milk.