Parties benefit from ideological inertia. I prefer small government that minimizes spending…

So based on recent voting patterns, I vote Democrat.

Neither of the two parties represents anything close to a small-government platform.

I agree. So, the question is if you want lower spending etc, who do you vote for?

It’s not obvious. Take a corporate tax loophole, is that spending and or a form of economic control? Foreign ownership of US companies compounds this, is it giving money to foreigners or good economic policy etc.

Paying less taxes is not government "spending". A person's income is not government property that the government generously allows the person to keep some of it.

That’s at best a semantic argument as refundable tax breaks can result in a net payment by the government. As in you can revive 1,400$ having never paid any money to the government.

A more common example is to pay nothing and also get a rebait to avoid paying taxes in the future.

I see. You think that the money you make belongs to the government, and they just allow you to keep a bit of it.

The $1400 stimulus payment was not a tax break nor was it income.

Not that 1,400$. 1,400$ of the 2,000$ child tax credit is refundable and that’s not a stimulus the GOP made part of the child tax credit refundable back in 2018.

Some nonrefundable tax tax credits cap at zero or the AMT for that year.

Other nonrefundable tax tax credits can get rolled over into future years, so people with actual incomes can still pay zero in some years. Aka they go to zero and roll over savings to next year.

However refundable credits mean an actual check even in years you paid zero taxes: American opportunity tax credit, Earned income tax credit, Child tax credit, Premium tax credit. Aka they go to zero then send you a check.

It not that common for people to get a check for the full amount, but it does happen.

The money actually does belong to the government. They print it. Distribute it. And then they take it back.

Reducing taxes, especially in a selective way, is essentially state spending money on subsidies.

Although you are correct, the point goes further than that because any system of taxation is effectively a subsidy to whatever doesn't get taxed. Income taxes cause over-allocation to assets, wealth taxes cause over-allocation to short term spending, taxing left handed people causes allocation to right handed people, etc. I like the idea of a land value tax/Georgism, from a philosophical belief that we should under-allocate to people whos claim to fame is that they got to the land first.

But nevertheless the original point stands - the state may be handing out advantages but it is not a form of spending. Not taking stuff is different to handing something out even if in some models they have equivalent effects.

That's abusing the word "subsidy".

A tax break on any farmer that grows corn is a corn subsidy. It’s the classic definition of a subsidy in that it reduces costs to create something.

Often things are written so exactly one company benefits when they agree to build something like a sports stadium in exchange for zero property taxes for N years. If that subsidy isn’t large large enough they may also hand out cash.

A tax break is not a subsidy.

A subsidy is a payment to the person.

If a farmer lost money one year, the tax break does not financially benefit him.

Money I have left over from paying taxes is not a "subsidy".

The common definition includes tax breaks see:

“subsidy is a benefit given to an individual, business, or institution, usually by the government. It can be direct (such as cash payments) or indirect (such as tax breaks). The subsidy is typically given to remove some type of burden, and it is often considered to be in the overall interest of the public, given to promote a social good or an economic policy.” https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/subsidy.asp

“A subsidy is an incentive given by the government to individuals or businesses in the form of cash, grants, or tax breaks that improve the supply of certain goods and services.” https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/ec...

That’s literally the first two definitions from searching DDG, here’s Wikipedia.

“A subsidy or government incentive is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy.[1] Although commonly extended from the government, the term subsidy can relate to any type of support – for example from NGOs or as implicit subsidies. Subsidies come in various forms including: direct (cash grants, interest-free loans) and indirect (tax breaks, insurance, low-interest loans, accelerated depreciation, rent rebates).[2][3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidy

I don't agree with those definitions, but I'll have to concede the point.

> Take a corporate tax loophole

Tax policy you disagree with isn't a loophole.

Tax policy that benefits the select few instead of the country is a loophole.

Not if it was designed to do that.

A loophole is using a thing (a loophole) for something it is not supposed to be used for but is advantageous (entry).

This is like saying a 'backdoor' isn't a backdoor because the hacker who put it there intended it to be used for nefarious purposes.

Backdoors are, by definition, intentionally put in place surreptitiously.

In fact, you could better call this exact tax policy being discussed as a backdoor for rich people in the tax code.

I mean loophole as in an unintended side effect of tax law.

The classic double Irish with a Dutch sandwich was emergent behavior based on how US, EU, Irish, and Dutch tax codes all intertwined.

Forward carried interest is a loophole created for the express purpose of letting the wealthy occupy a lower tax bracket. It has no other public benefit.

> loophole created for the express purpose

This is an oxymoron.

While perhaps technically true, I think you are taking a word's general strict meaning, and are attempting to apply it to something where the meaning is often stretched a bit liberally.

While yes, it is true that a "loophole" is something that is unintended but allows some subset of people to benefit, when it comes to "tax loophole", that has colloquially come to mean "any means by which a special interest group gets to avoid taxes". "Tax loopholes" can be intentionally added to the tax code, even if "loophole" implies something unintentional.

Remember that English is a living language, and meanings change to suit how people use words, not how the dictionary may have once defined them.

> when it comes to "tax loophole", that has colloquially come to mean "any means by which a special interest group gets to avoid taxes". "Tax loopholes" can be intentionally added to the tax code, even if "loophole" implies something unintentional.

You're wrong. You just have been using the term wrong and listening to people who do as well. Loopholes are unintentional. The things you are referring to are intentionally placed in the tax code for people to take advantage of.

Do you consider the solar credit a tax loophole for people with solar?

>Remember that English is a living language, and meanings change to suit how people use words, not how the dictionary may have once defined them.

Great but this doesn't apply to "loophole". You're just wrong and doubling down.

>tax loophole

>A provision in the laws governing taxation that allows people to reduce their taxes. The term has the connotation of an unintentional omission or obscurity in the law that allows the reduction of tax liability to a point below that intended by the framers of the law.

The Republican party was the party of big business before the end of the civil war.

It also used to be the party of civil rights when Democrats were the ones engaged in voter suppression.