You would be very surprised how quickly animals can adapt to a new environment. There are plenty of examples of domesticated animals being released into the wild and doing just fine.
Yes, dogs, horses, and others can in certain instances.
Chickens would become food for other animals in days, at most. It's hard enough to keep that from happening when they're kept, let alone in the wild.
Cows are like giant, extremely stupid deer, so I doubt we'd tolerate them in the wild anywhere even slightly near civilization, putting aside their ability to survive on their own (which I also doubt—first bad Winter would take care of them, I reckon).
I've raised turkeys, chickens, cows, and horses. The turkeys and chickens people eat are not the same as wild turkeys, they would not survive without humans.
2. Farming chickens and enslaving people is not even remotely on the same level.