> you are coming across as someone who is trivializing a potentially important piece of work.

I doubt it. The parent is confused and hence the question obviously. But I get the impression that the parent would benefit from reading an elementary textbook on discrete math as the post is gibberish (as are a few other posts in this thread). I know it sounds rude, but I don't know how else to put it. It's not only the fact that the parent doesn't have a conceptual idea about equivalence relations and in particular equality, isomorphism, let alone homotopy, but is also very confused about what it means for a series to converge which is also very elementary. Before discussing the merits of Dostoevsky in Russian, one must learn and know the Russian alphabet at the very least or something.