I don't think so: they only make it ABI backwards compatible (compile against old glibc, run against new) and API compatible (recompile your source against different versions should work).
I just checked by glibc and it had > 200 symbols versioned 2.34 which is the current glibc version. If you use any of those you can't run against older glibc.
Ok, I can see what I have written that could read this way, but the context is completely about backward compatibility. Forward compatibility isn't a concept that appears often in software.
E.g., you might use a relatively recent distro in your GitHub action (or whatever) to build this binary, but then anyone running CentOS or whatever can't run it because they ship an older libc version and required symbols aren't available.
You seem to want some way to have your code run on any platform whatever features you use in it. That you can't have. Of course if you want to support CentOS 6, you have to avoid any new symbol.