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A comment on How UTF-8 Works. Parent comment

Re:How UTF-8 Works by cafard on Wednesday February 09, 2022 @10:33AM (#30273799)
But this is not a matter of UTF-8 in the code, rather a matter of UTF-8 in the input or output. How does compiling a program ensure that it is robust on a range of inputs?
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Re:How UTF-8 Works by morelisp on Wednesday February 09, 2022 @11:46AM (#30274808)
> How does compiling a program ensure that it is robust on a range of inputs?

This is quite literally the job of a type system: to impose a semantic interpretation on sequences of "raw bits" and let you specify legal (and only legal) operations in terms of the semantic interpretation rather than the bits.

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