I think your mentioned examples fall clearly into two categories. Plain memorization and understanding.

Spaced repetition (so in extension, anki) helps immensely with the former, but does very little for the latter. Eg. one could probably go through some advanced math anki deck, but would likely not get better in math at all.

The second category (with math, as well as programming languages, but many hand crafty thing also) require practice and only that can help the process of learning here.

Most study materials have aspects from both (medicine comes to mind, with immense amount of “trivia” plus the occasional logical correlations that one might argue are the most important), and I have been trying to write a program that could tackle this duality for years, but unfortunately it never got priority :/