The details of how it works and what exactly is legal differ country to country, and I wouldn't be surprised if there are countries where they are not really a thing, but they are not just a US/UK thing. (e.g. here in Germany many landlords will have you submit a score document from the primary credit rating agency with your application for a flat)
Edit: seems lots of places have them but they differ a bit, some only showing missed payments:
https://www.businessinsider.in/slideshows/miscellaneous/many...