1. $500 campaign donation limit, per person, per candidate, per year.
2. Corporations not allowed to donate to politics in any way, shape, or form. Subject to a fine of 20% of the corporation's deductions or taxable revenue for the current tax year, whichever is greater (catches the "break even" monsters like Amazon), per infraction.
3. Large financial and jail-time penalties for materially incentivizing a politician for the purpose of manipulating their stance on an issue, for both the manipulator and the politician (if they are proven complicit). All that needs to be demonstrated is a quid pro quo.
4. Corporate death penalty and/or jail time for a variety of corporate issues that currently result in a mere slap-on-the-wrist fine
5. Abolish the electoral college, so we are not living under a tyranny of the few.
Collectively this would end lobbying and make it impractical to entwine money with politics, resulting with, as you say, a number of policies like UBI, high quality public housing, and a social safety net that are provably more conducive to technological and societal progress.
And I say this as a YC CTO who used to be a DoD research scientist.
Would UBI be a good way to do that? I do not know much about it but it seems that it could potentially lead to a whole generations being able to try new things, tinker with technology, make mistakes, see what works what does not work. A lot of human thoughts could be shifted from "how to make sure me and my family are fed, clothed and sheltered" to more creative ones.