Safari is not privileged in terms of location access [1], so the user both has to let Safari have access to location information and let Safari share that location information with a site.

If the user rejected Safari's access to location, sites also will also not get location data. However, Safari has asked me for access the first time on several phone installs, so I believe Safari not having location services is still a user choosing to limit platform access at some point during setup or on demand in Safari.

Unfortunately the public often does not trust even the platform vendor with location access. I somewhat blame Google for leading the public narrative to that point - but it is admittedly a very easy topic to fearmonger about.

(Said as someone who often has to restore location access to Apple and Google maps on family members' phones as part of troubleshooting issues)