Does Perl have mature equivalents for pandas and sklearn (setting aside what everyone else is saying about numpy)? The python ecosystem has a bunch of killer apps that make the workaday tasks of data science extremely ergonomic. R is similar with the tidyverse imo, but I don’t know of other languages with a comparable package landscape.

Quick addendum: data science != computer science, most data scientists learn coding on top of another skillset, not as their primary area of expertise, so things like under-the-hood efficiency are often second order concerns to learn-ability, ease of use and maintenance.