If I falsely claim to have invented a warp drive, I don't get credit for whatever work people do in that area in the future.
Holmes was an agent to energize the industry in the sense that she was instrument to attracting a lot of new VC investors willing to throw money and experiment with new tech like this . I doubt she personally claimed to have invented anything new, even had Theranos succeeded her claim to fame would be only building the organization that enabled such innovation and not the innovation itself.
Even though Theranos failed as firm, a lot of smart people got funding to work on interesting projects while there and potentially either developed or started developing products because of holmes being able keep them and Theranos funded. A lot of new people are getting funding, because Theranos and Holmes opened this industry to VC funding when it was not traditionally so.
To your example, if you falsely claim to invent a warp drive, raise a lot of money, hire a lot of smart people who do interesting work while working for you, eventually fail as company and those people go on to build parts of the drive partly with experience they gained in your research. This kind of research was not well funded before you, Likely without you this would have never been a VC funded industry don't you have some hand in that ?
Also, Holmes's lies sucked up a ton of funding at the time. Not just the money given to her, but the investors who said "theranos already dominates blood testing, so we'll invest in another space"
This was a disaster all around for everyone but her.
I don't know how you can say that, some of the trial evidence was heart breaking. Some of the emails, the texts back and forth between her and Sunny, what a mess, it sounded like she was totally losing her mind and stressed out to no end while being pushed and cajole by an unreasonably intense person behind the scenes. She was clearly devastated when the company collapsed, she very clearly believed in what she was doing, and now she is going to jail. That sound like beyond a disaster, it sounds like hell.
She's a human being and it is a sad situation. But this is justice.
1. The premise assumes there are not significant wastage in the current processes and those are near optimal. Any non optimal paths could potentially benefit from improvements
2. While there are some tests at that low concentrations not all tests have components at that low concentrations. Those could certainly be improved ?
3. Reuse and cross testing the same samples, or testing for multiple things at the same time etc, are all areas that could yield better outcomes than current standard.
4. Perhaps it is also possible that while primary marker for a test is not present in the sample, its presence in the blood could have left other markers that are detectable
I don't know anything about lab testing, if I can think of few approaches to solution for the low sample problem. Experts may have many other approaches so it shouldn't be surprising if there are improvements claimed ?