This has been doable since Windows has had network connectivity, winget is just the latest way on the pile. Albeit probably the easiest yet. TFTP, FTP, SFTP, SCP, Powershell HTTP(S), curl (giving you a copy of all the prior methods), winget. That's all of the ways I can think of without getting too "make your own program"-y like VBA and whatnot.

In particular I remember utilizing the FTP method to get Firefox (avoiding IE) was all the rage in the XP era.