Quite right, before Java, enterprise was full with CORBA, DCOM, VB/Delphi, Smalltalk.
Also many are unaware that Java EE was born as a Objective-C framework for OpenSTEP, Distributed Objects Everywhere, which was then ported to Java.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Objects_Everywhere
Which was anyway mostly inspired by Objective-C way, not C++.
Having encountered a similar proliferation of config in "enterprise" C++ (where it's usually not implemented in terms of serialisation) it was mostly driven by a need to modify the behaviour of systems in production without having to go through software release processes that were often cumbersome and beaurocratic.