Or they exchange their cryptocurrency for cash in some place or context without KYC rules. The seller could be anywhere in the world.
The IRS is likewise not famous for its laxity with tax fraud.
You know that some public key had some amount of cryptocurrency and then it went somewhere else, possibly into a cryptocurrency tumbler. You don't know the identity of the person holding it and as soon as they have enough to buy something they can stop using that now-empty wallet.
Also, Monero solves this more robustly, doesn't it?
> The IRS is likewise not famous for its laxity with tax fraud.
Who said anything about tax fraud? You can report the income on your tax return without specifying how you spent the money.
How do you think it works with physical cash? The advantage here is that it can happen over the internet.
The interesting application looks something like this.
You have an internet connection, a Raspberry Pi and a USB hard drive. You get paid in cryptocurrency to host some data for the decentralized web. Now you have it and can use it to pay for things over the internet, anonymously. Having an anonymous digital payment system that regular people could use for small transactions would be a big advantage. No more Amazon keeping track of what books you read on your Kindle and having to worry about getting put on a list. It also provides funding for decentralized content hosting.
The current problem with this is that existing popular blockchains have high transaction fees and low transaction volumes. That's a technical problem that could be solved in the future, but right now it's an impediment.
The current solution is to use third party custodial services, which can handle arbitrary transaction volumes and have low fees because they're just rearranging numbers in their own private database. But then they're subject to KYC regulations and that's a blocker because people are going to get to the point where some shady internet company they've never heard of wants their social security number and say "hell no" and that's the end of it. Also, this erases the privacy benefit.
So to be useful we need one of two things. Either solve that technical problem, or get regulatory changes that waive KYC requirements for small transaction amounts, e.g. for accounts with less than a $1000 balance.