https://www.businessinsider.com/stress-effect-on-aging-healt...
Responsibilities cause stress, but power to address those responsibilities mitigates it somewhat. CEO's have much more of that power than middle managers do.
https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/employee-re...
Perhaps, though that effect must be offset by other things (and/or access to healthcare), since the life expectancy based on income graph is monotonically increasing for both genders.
http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/health/
My hunch is that the well off might have stress on the job (though again, this is a subset of well-paid positions, and I think the subset is actually smaller than you think), but everyone else has a lot more stress outside of the job which is much more important. The stress associated with poverty cannot be understated - it lowers IQ by ~15 points.
(Poverty and IQ: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/analysis-h...)
If we define work as "hours spent doing something", then potentially. But I like my first definition better.