The main difference between Canada and US (and to a great extent Australia and New Zealand) are not cultural or economical. The main differences are in access to firearms. I fully expect Canada's murder rate to rise to US levels if US gun laws were adopted here.

The biggest one is that only the USA has a legacy of slavery. The USA has much higher population density as well. The USA is also somewhat more economically unequal than the other 3. The USA is more diverse than any of the other 3, especially Canada and Australia.

These factors might play a role in gun violence.

I have not seen many statistics linking foreign-born residents to higher crime, but locally-born oppressed minority populations (e.g. Black, Aboriginal, Native, Maori) are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system due to ongoing legacies of systemic violence.

This is almost invariably left out of the equation when these things are reported.

Just like the so-called "gender wage gap", which is at best a "gender earnings gap", because pay is equivalent, dissipates almost entirely when you account for things like occupation and hours worked.

Somehow this turned into "solely". Why?

And I am fully aware that these facts are a "tough sell" these days, because they don't fit the prevailing narrative.

Another one: yes, the criminal justice system is biased against blacks. However, it is vastly more biased against males. By a 6:1 margin.

And yes, I agree that the question why black people who are not recent immigrants are disproportionately impoverished is important to answer. It is important to ask the right questions if you want to get a usable answer. And I doubt there is a unifactorial answer.

Why the "who are not recent immigrants"? Black people who are recent immigrants from Africa actually do better economically than whites.

It's a tough sell because statistics don't back it up; there are other significant factors at play.

There are certainly some biases against men but i think you are overestimating this one. Are you accounting for the differences between men and women?

The success of African immigrants suggests that the effect really has nothing to do with skin color, but other societal and cultural factors. Luckily society and culture are both mutable.

2. The statistics do back it up.

3. "This gender gap is about six times as large as the racial disparity that Prof. Starr found in another recent paper."

https://web.archive.org/web/20180428124536/https://www.law.u...

4. Yes, skin color certainly does not appear to be a dominant factor, and maybe not a factor at all as you write.

The gender disparity is interesting and I wasn't aware of it's severity. Thanks.

[1] https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2018/03/19/race-class-deba...

How to explain the difference? Well, the blog post doesn't control for other variables. Such as, crucially, how much crime do people commit and how severe are those crimes?

The UofM study did control for such factors.

And yeah, how much crime people commit varies and, yeah, has a pretty severe impact on how much incarceration happens. If you didn't control for these variables, the male/female disparity would be incredibly more severe, as the vast majority of inmates are male.

And if you look, you will see that the research the blog post references comes from an advocacy group.

All your metric does is demonstrate who began allowing immigration first.

https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada#Visible...

Or if you want to do the math yourself: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/pr...

The real comparison is non-Hispanic white to non-Hispanic white, where it becomes ~55% to ~75% or so. Hispanic people in the U.S. are easily visually differentiable, most often have one or more languages aside from, or instead of, English and come from cultures that are markedly different than mainstream U.S. culture.

Canada and the USA are close overall, but Canada's immigrants are much more likely to be educated professionals than those coming to the USA. And since Canada never implemented widespread slavery, there really isn't an analog to the experience of black Americans. I think that is a very big factor.