Dweck's a good example too of how the research and/or the media coverage can misunderstand the results. I think it's fair to say that the growth mindset effect is understood as having come from knowledge, i.e. you teach someone about growth mindset and then their performance improves. But my mom, a teacher, tried to apply that idea to her class and the change actually came down to habit. She made her class institute a self-talk habit related to growth mindset and then she reinforced that habit for an entire year. That's an anecdote, not hard science, but it certainly seems like a much more sensible pathway between the concept of growth mindset and then improved results. I wrote up her protocol, which is for third graders, here: https://betterhumans.pub/growth-mindset-is-a-habit-you-want-...