I love F#, it's my #1 favorite language by far. But I code in C# at my day job and I gotta say, while I haven't exactly kept count, it's hard for me to agree that F# has fewer constructs. To be fair, much of that comes from the fact that F# has to do nearly everything C# does for compatibility, and have its own stuff too. It leads to a lot of "wait, which tool do I use for this problem?" questions for newbies.

* [<Extension>] methods vs `type X with member ...` extensions

* let-bound functions vs static methods vs instance methods

* operator overloads vs let-bound operators

* curried functions vs multi-parameter functions

* modules vs static classes

* `exception MyError of string` vs `type MyErrorException(msg) inherit Exception(msg)...`

* polymorphic data: interface vs abstract class vs discriminated union

* Async vs Task

* seq { ... } computation expression vs chain of Seq module operations vs. LINQ methods

* Option vs Nullable vs Result

* Statically resolved generic vs runtime generic (`^a` vs `'a`)

* `for i = 0 to 10` vs `for i in 0..10`

* `upcast` vs `:>` and `downcast` vs `:?>`

* `function` vs `fun x -> match x with`

* .fsi files and the syntax for declarations in them

* `let mutable` and `<-` vs `ref` and `:=`

* sprintf vs interpolated strings with "%d"-style format specifiers vs interpolated strings with FormattableString format specifiers vs String.Format

* Code quotations vs linq-style Expression<Func<...,...>>

I am very comfortable with F# today and feel I have a solid grasp on how I like to do things. But when I was introduced to it, I was a little overwhelmed, even though I already had familiarity with C# and with Haskell.

This is a fair point! Although I was more talking about the language constructs that are used for 90%+ of code, which from my own experience is:

  * let
  * discriminated unions
  * records
  * lists
  * seq
  * async
  * fun

Like all languages people actually use, F# has a long tail of advanced features!