> Pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits.

Funny story (for us who live a century later):

I heard Norwegian phrenologists traveled around Norway to measure Norwegian skulls and how it related to personal traits and their conclusions were that there were broadly two kinds of Norwegians:

- "long-skulls" in the eastern part: these were friendly, generous, open-minded and intelligent.

- "short-skulls" on the western coast: these were dumb, stingy and distrustful

Wonder were those researchers came from ;-)