This ^^^. It’s essentially cash flow towards the country, part of which is spent locally. It’s pretty much tourism on steroids.

And, to make it work, they need to make it very attractive.

and it's tourism in the off-season.

I think it's more like a steady drip feed. I moved abroad, and I spend less than a tourist once I figured out how locals generally do it, but still considerably more than a local because I want to eat foods from other countries and get a nice coffee most days.

And they can always tax again later.

And they have to compete with other countries.