I've seen people here mention IVPN in the same breath as Mullvad; do you have any insight on how they compare? AFAIK Mullvad is based in Sweden, which is a Fourteen Eyes country, whereas IVPN is based in Gibraltar, which is not.
Gibraltar is a UK overseas territory and houses GCHQ facilities, therefore a fives eyes territory.
Good to know! If we go by jurisdiction, it seems that surprisingly NordVPN (Panama) is better than these two.
This comment is only about the trustworthiness of the provider and not of VPNs in general, which I'm still hesitant about. I'll provide a link for our paper exploring CVE-2019-14899 and attacks we've developed since then:
https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec21-tolley.pdf
There's also a blog post, which is quicker to read and written for a general tech audience:
https://breakpointingbad.com/2020/05/25/Vintage-Protocol-Non...