For comparison in a Linux distro:
- everything is built from source on distro infrastructure, users can inspect any an all source code of everything running on their machine - software updates are transparent and not enforced, user can read changelog or compare source code of the updates - software updates of individual packages don't usually go directly from upstream open source software developers but via a package maintainer in the distro, for each distro - if an upstream project introduced fishy stuff like Apple is doing would almost certainly be noticed by either one of the package maintainers or users due to changes in the source or in software behavior, alerting others to do source code analysis and stop the attempt from affecting users
This means they can intercept even e2e encrypted messages such as signal, if they wanted.
When you control kernel, you can do anything, to anything running on that system.