It is confusing that people talk about C in terms of being a typed language. The types are an annotation so the compiler knows how much memory to allocate / read. All the side benefits of having to spell that out are incidental.

That sort of typing is a distraction. A programmer does not care that they are passing 4 bytes as the first argument. That isn't really trying to squeeze anything useful out of a type system. They care that they are passing something recognised as an ID, not that it has 4 bytes.

Using C/C++ as an example of a typed language doesn't say much. The guarantees are more a culture of how to use the language than in the language itself.