My MBP requires the password to unlock touchID after a while, fwiw

Yes, you simply turn off windows hello or any other biometrics in settings, and the other alternatives suggested to you will be a password and a few others.

I don't mean entirely -- I mean conditionally. Like iOS and MacOS does. If you don't unlock them for a period or time, or after a restart (and a couple of other conditions), they will ask for a password even when you have biometric login enabled.

Oh, my bad, I completely misunderstood the original question. The macOS comparison makes perfect sense.

As far as I am aware, there is no easy way to make it happen. Maybe my googling skills are poor, but I wasn't able to find anything relevant to this, no matter what kind of queries I was trying. All I've found was just a bunch of complaints about Windows Hello either not working at all or something related.

I think there's an AD policy that can do this, but there isn't a user-visible option to do it, in the settings "Windows Hello Face" is either on or off.