Blocks.
Although I'm not sure what would happen if you compiled the appropriate parts of http://compiler-rt.llvm.org/ into a 3.x application.
You can use a project called PLBlocks. I've successfully submitted to the App Store with it.
Here's Apple's list: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#releasenotes/Genera...
E.g. what features and/or improvements make it so apps like Foursquare require 4.0?