Asciidoc already supports that. You don’t even need to differentiate in the syntax, it knows when you are referring to a table, a figure, a section, code listing, etc.
Re:Compare AsciiDoc and Markdown
by zelphirkalt on Wednesday July 07, 2021 @05:37PM
(#27766004)
And in reStructuredText you can make any place in your document a "source" and any place a "sink" of a reference. Is it the same in AsciiDoc, or are only special things like listings etc. referencable?
In a book one often needs to keep track of local references (to figures, tables, sections, etc). How this could be reasonably done in markdown flavors?