I wrote a bunch of GTK desktop apps with Python like 15 years ago and they were snappy and you'd never even know it was Python behind it, but I wouldn't do that now. Too hard to distribute, bindings a bit clunky, lots more cross-platform testing, it's hard to look at the relative levels of effort and not take the faster path.
I put application in parentheses because other paradigms may make sense for high performance rendering pipes like games.
Honestly I don't think HTML5/CSS/JS is that bad as a pure presentation layer. It has warts as they all do, but it can be made to look decent and is fairly productive. The bloat is mostly the fault of Electron specifically. Tauri and Sciter are much leaner, in some cases leaner than Qt depending on the app.
I don't know what the development side is like, but as a user I do find Qt apps to be fairly nice.
I also think Java (Swing) apps are basically fine. Java was "bloated" back in the day, but not relative to what else is in use today.
Qt development can be excellent or nightmarish, sometimes both. I don't know enough to know why the disparity but I've been adjacent to teams that love qt and ones that loathe it. I'm guessing a big aspect is state management; qt predates the reactive revolution, and IIRC is prone (as is any gui) to callback hell.
Yes. You are not a Javascript Programmer, or a Frontend Programmer; Choose the right tool for each job.
Even if not prioritizing cross-platform, Electron has some serious appeal.
What are my alternatives? Qt? Gtk? Native libraries?