That you this illustrates that the situation today is "take whatever math-stuff you have, throw it against neural networks and see what you get". IE, I'm pretty sure not much progress has been made with category theory and neural networks - but you might be the first.

I've seen differential equations, Markov chains, differential geometry and other stuff. We might be in heady days before the "big breakthrough" is made. But these constructs might be inherently pathological (even then, non-pathological variants might be possible).