I would hope that original/primary research would not result in insider trading charges. (If I have no other connection to a company and count cars in a retailer parking lot, foot traffic, or trucks leaving a warehouse and trade based on that information, I would expect and hope that those trades would be legal, even if the findings that I self-generated were material (and of course non-public).)

if the research is done with public information, of course there is no issue. If you go, for example, dumpster diving on shredded company documents then it might be an issue.

Note also that there are difference between US and EU. I think US might require a breach of duty of care somwhere in the chain of responsibilities for insider trading, while EU doesn't.