However, when used correctly you can create a system that will allow you maintain and apply your presentation layer in an efficient, extensible, consistent and reusable way.
Lack of knowledge isn't an excuse for believing otherwise.
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Edit: I'm actually shocked by how much bad feeling there is for standard front-end technology.
A domain specific solution is a benefit.
If that is your intention, typescript is a better tool for the job: you get type safety, ide autocomplete, tests (have you ever written a test for css?). You are right, being a domain specific solution is a benefit, but that has nothing to do with how good of a system you can make with it. I'm sure it's possible to write a system in typescript that would be as good as what you describe, but it will be more flexible at expense of being slower.
I find it hard to believe you think you can do more with plain CSS than with the full power of the Javascript programming language.