Anecdata: In Europe but have had more than a handful of these nonsense Leetcode tests. Normally for companies with an inflated sense of their own worth - but possible to spot this from their mission statement, website, etc. and avoid them.

This is also my experience, crappy Berlin startups that pay poorly and expect you to jump through hoops and work long hours. I switched to contracting and haven't had to do any of these silly tests, I usually discuss the project and my past projects and that's enough. A few times I've been asked to do a take home challenge which I don't mind and actually quite enjoy. Separated from the interview process I find some of the leetcode type challenges kind of fun, like doing a puzzle but they have been of very little practice use to me in my work.

In 2021, it's a few percent higher. The one I saw recently was related to checking for N matches against M permutations.

All required passing a test suite.