Once I was interviewed in this way: I was given a test with various questions (algorithms, general knowledge, etc.), and I was given a tablet with which I could google whatever I wanted. I was left alone with the test and the tablet and I was given some time to finish that.

I think it's one of the best way that I've ever witnessed or heard of to test for what you mention: the exploration and research that happens in real life when you encounter a problem to solve at work.

I haven't seen this anywhere else unfortunately.