This is pretty much exactly what we do to serve aerial/satellite imagery maps.

We convert the imagery into Cloud optimised geo tiffs and store them in S3 https://www.cogeo.org/ then the browser can request the tiles directly from S3.

Even the big imagery providers are now storing their imagery as COGs, eg https://registry.opendata.aws/sentinel-2-l2a-cogs/

I believe this is protomaps approach: re-encode the mbtiles (sqlite-based ) format in to something that can be requested with a http range request and thus served from a single dumb webserver that doesn't need to understand sqlite or mbtiles parsing

This is the approach I took with http://github.com/protomaps/pmtiles , though it's optimized for the very specific use case of going from Z/X/Y integer coordinates to binary blobs, and takes shortcuts to accomplish that (fixed-width keys and root index page)

Funny enough I was looking into mbtiles serverless solutions before I went to bed, now I start my day browsing HN and I find this clever solution. Love HN for this type of stuff :)