Open question on if this is net beneficial to consumers or developers, but it could also be considered an economic inevitability when MC = MR = 0.
What kind of free apps are there ?
1 some open source software that is compatible with iOS store license
2 trials or apps with pay to unlock stuff
3 free with ads
So IMO even if you have 3 stores this will not change. But you could get finally GPL software and apps/games that target adults.
Yes. A tremendous amount of effort goes into playing the game of guessing what you need to do to pass the approval process. And I don't mean things like tracking. I mean things like removing any links to your website, because users could buy a subscription there instead of on through the app.
> Is it artificially raising prices?
Absolutely. That 30% has to come from somewhere. And since you aren't allowed to charge more for an app purchase than a subscription online, that means it raises the price for everyone. Not just people who use the app.