But things have become twisted along the way. Higher education is still there, and it has become a bit more practical, which is not bad. However the "sports" part became completely broken. Instead of giving students a good body (a noble goal), it shifted to competition, taking subpar students with great athletic skills just to beat the other college team, and overworking and ultimately breaking them. The complete opposite of the original idea.
If that were the goal then they would offer daily aerobics or yoga classes and not engage in competitive sports. For most students college sports is a spectator sport and an opportunity to get drunk.
With that said, the current system sucks. Many athletes have lost their scholarships due to injury and were then on the hook for the costs of school, requiring some to transfer or drop out. There are some sports and programs that expect most of your time to be dedicated to the sport rather than your academics. The culture around some programs is toxic.
But none of it is inherent to the idea of "college sports". Would you argue that other extracurricular activities like clubs, student government, etc., are detrimental to education? Or would you say that they provide education in other areas of life compared to pure academia?
for one, people rarely live on campus and people are not connected to their educational institute asmuch as Americans. a lot of students are part of associations (some with large legacies. mainly Germanic ones). but these assosiciations are not directly linked to a particular school.
also, the major difference between american colleges and European ones in my experience is the control the school has over people's lives. American schools seem to treat their students as kids in a bigger body, and they have sometimes insanely strict rules about behaviour, student housing etc.
most European school I have experience with couldn't care less about what you do in private, and besides some support networks for mental health, think of their students as adults who should fix their own housing, income, sports etc.