I believe this regional symbols vs. text difference can also be seen in many washing machines - it is quite common to have symbols for the knobs and settings here (e.g. https://imgur.com/a/7yRzT), while I've understood that this isn't common in e.g. US.

Though I thought textile care symbols are common in US as well, or at least I think all my US-bought clothes have them too. So this is probably not one of those US-Europe differences.

Poland, EU.

I remember doing some Internet searches for this over a decade ago, back when I started doing my own laundry :). Maybe I didn't look thoroughly enough - but between that search and the actual labels on the clothes I had, I saw no indication of a standard.

Might be because my clothes were probably a mix of branded things sold on EU market, and (mostly) unbranded ones I bought on a bazaar, which could've been imported from Turkey or East Asia.

Makes sense since it was over a decade ago. US and Asian textile care symbols were a bad mess (differs from brand to brand) back then (while ISO sensibly implemented the then-EN standard because they were the same across brands).