While it's true that the installations are on-prem (having been to quite a few of those), Amdocs business model isn't about dropping code and going away: They are so embedded with your typical deployment that there's plenty of opportunity to exfiltrate data. Sending every CDR to Haifa? Probably not: The Sysadmins on your typical large telco are iffy, but not that iffy.
And carefully firewalled? The talent was never great, and the security practices were never all that serious: I've been handed production shells that I had no business having, because it was convenient at the time. Once again, I'd say that the best argument to claim that there's no data exfiltration is that the people writing the code aren't good enough to do this under the customer's nose.
This is quite misleadingly written: telcos are not shipping reams of CDRs to some cubicle farm in Haifa or Chongqing.
Yes, almost every telco outsources its billing software to other companies, notably Amdocs (founded in Israel, now HQ's in the US). However, billing info is some of the most sensitive data a telco has for both privacy and commercial reasons, so that software always runs in a closed environment from where it cannot dial home. Historically that's been on-prem, it's slowly moving to the Cloud but even there it's going to be firewalled off very carefully.