The stakes are low and nobody cares if your little team writes code targeting a Brainfuck compiler. (Yes, this is a real thing; there's a Brainfuck compiler developed somewhere in the vast guts of Google. No, I don't have a link to share with you, sorry.)
Not in core parts of Windows they don't. It's C++, perhaps some C, and now Rust. It's a pretty big endorsement.
It's not really an endorsement because the bar to getting into a Google or Microsoft or Facebook codebase is as low as it gets in this industry.
Even Rust isn't all that easy. That it cleared the hurdle at all on so many teams already (and Windows especially!) is extremely impressive for a piece of tech so new.
This is the lowest of the low bars w.r.t. technology choice.
Compare, for example, to the vetting and QA the Linux kernel does.
https://thenewstack.io/microsoft-rust-is-the-industrys-best-...
https://medium.com/the-innovation/how-microsoft-is-adopting-...
https://www.infoworld.com/article/3605551/microsoft-forms-ru...
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dev-environment/rus...