Can you associate a PhysicsBody2D with each one of these?
AFAIK there's GPU analogs for everything physicsBody2d's can do, but not directly.
Per particle gravity and forces are batteries included. If you want GPU particles that can collide with other particles there's Fluvio, it's free.
Here's 65k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwzfr9ppvj4
From an apples to apples standpoint. What you're seeing in the video is DragonRuby Entities vs Unity GameObjects (with full functionality).
They look like particles yes, but the intent was to show the creation of fully featured constructs (not a demonstration of "fire and forget" particles).
(a recent example of some dots I moved) https://twitter.com/LeapJosh/status/1378056437105049603
Not saying DragonRuby isn't the bees knees, I've never used it but appreciate alternatives existing.
Despite that, sprites are the wrong facility for drawing that many dots in unity.