From what I recall from the literature (it was a while ago, so details elude me), that while there does seem to be some relatively common experiences (many people associating a particular number with a particular colour), there's definitely a lot that's very idiosyncratic. I recall some people speculating that some of these associations could be shared because of common books/teaching materials, that maybe many children grew up with the same books showing letters and numbers in various colours. But that's just speculation as far as I'm aware.
And it's only really when I'm playing music (I play guitar), not when I'm listening to it. It's less about keys than it is about specific notes. A is red, B is blue. C is more yellowy orange. E is... I'm not sure, just dark, maybe black? G is kinda dark blue, maybe turquoise.
This is the hardest I've ever thought about it and the first time I've ever tried to write it down, but those associations are definitely there and have been there for as long as I can remember, and I've been playing guitar for at least 15 years.
Do I have synesthesia?
I was wondering this too. Since they used machine learning instead of medical data, it means that each synesthesia case may be unique enough to throw off a synesthesia-color/shape catalog.
Kandinsky might have ended painting abstract art because normal art was ruined by his synesthesia, just as his abstract art is incomprehensible to someone without his kind of synesthesia.
Part of it is very abstract and arbitrarily associative. As well, it can certainly morph. I wouldn't say there's any specific rhyme or reason to it.
If you ever watched the movie Soul—that spoke to me pretty well, even though they didn't focus specifically on synesthesia, per se.
F major is red. E-minor is a desert sand color.
I don't have anything other than personal experience to back this up, but I would be surprised if it's not a completely subjective experience—one person's synesthesia probably doesn't match another person's, per se.
Just curious for any musician's out there, when you're playing in the key of D dorian, for example, what colors go through your mind? F major? E minor?
All these have specific colors that tend to dominate my imagination.