Tilt and turn windows, with triple or quadruple panes, low-E glass, and two gaskets for air sealing are much more common in Europe than in the US for residential construction, where they would only be seen in highly energy efficient high end construction.

They're also only seen in high end energy efficient construction in France, Spain, the Netherlands and I've never seen them in Eastern Europe. They're frickin' expensive! They may be more common than in the US, but still not "common".

Indeed. And double-paned windows are in the majority of homes in the US [1]. And triple-paned windows are a lot more expensive for not a ton more benefit no matter where you live.

Unless someone has some actual comparative statistics, the idea that European windows are somehow more "solid" than North American ones isn't at all obvious. I've spent years living on both continents and never noticed a huge difference. What matters the most is simply the age of and investment in the building, not which continent you're on.

[1] https://www.dwmmag.com/survey-multi-pane-windows-now-on-59-p...

Maybe triple-glazing is more rare, but at least in Poland, by my observation, almost everyone seems to have double-glazed, PVC-framed windows. I only ever see single-pane windows in really old and poor houses. IIRC, there was a rush of replacing old windows with double-glazed ones in the late 1990s/early 2000s.

> Bricks and stone provide abysmal thermal insulation

Even 80-90 years ago, brick housing in wester Europe was made with walls of two layers with an air/insulation cavity inbetween. Current practices usually don't use clay bricks but aerated concrete [1] which has great thermal insulation, plus insulation layers on top.

> what does "much more solid" windows mean exactly

Triple-glazed windows with well-insulated frames, rather than single-pane push-up windows that leak heat like a sieve. Massive difference in thermal and acoustic insulation.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclaved_aerated_concrete