Intuitively, I'd expect that fabs would plan for this in advance, ensuring that 1. everything they buy, they have ways to get N of the exact same of that thing down the line — the same way that NASA missions contract to ensure they can get precisely-specced replacement parts decades down the line; and 2. that they build their first plant for a given process node in a huge empty expanse of land (much larger than what Plant No. 1 needs) where they either buy all that land ahead of time, or at least have a contract with the municipality to retain right-of-first-refusal on purchases of that land.
Maybe now that there are only two players left and new process costs continue to escalate we might see more of that
Taiwan is a small country with limited water resource due to the lack of land to have long river to keep the water on the ground.
For the electricity, nowadays, many BIG TECHs demand "green" electricity to manufacture their products, but once again Taiwan is not a big country. There is no enough area to hold the solar plates and the weather there is not suitable for wind power because of the typhoon.
These are the nature limitations. There are also other issues such as lack of engineers, the risk if expansion is not worth it in the future, etc.
Taiwan could probably get in on that action. If you're already running a 3500km cable, you could run a 4500km cable just as well.
(Kind of annoying that Taiwan can't just buy green energy from China — very easy logistically — but that's extremely politically untenable.)
Is it a bottleneck on staffing people with the required expertise (i.e. are the only people who can run a given process node, the same people who designed/operationalized that process node)?