This is as old as computing and predates Google.
When America Online was buying EV6 servers as fast as DEC could produce them, they used to see about about 1 double bit error per day across their server farm that would reboot the whole machine.
DRAM has only gotten worse--not better.
The supercomputing community has looked at some of the effect on different parts of the GPU.
Yes.
Bit flips (for all reasons) occur in buses, registers, caches, etc. Anything that has state can have state changed incorrectly.
This is why filesystems like ZFS exist and storage formats have pervasive checksums.
There are many various DRAMs in a server (say, for disk cache). Has Google or anyone who operates at a similar scale seen single bit errors in these components?